Apa itu Descriptive Text?
Pada dasarnya penjelasan descriptive text ini sama seperti arti dari kata descriptive itu sendiri, yaitu menggambarkan sesuatu. Descriptive text adalah teks yang bertujuan untuk menjelaskan, menggambarkan, atau mendeskripsikan sesuatu. Sesuatu di sini bentuknya bisa berupa apa saja, baik itu orang, hewan, benda, lokasi, dan sebagainya.
Fungsi Descriptive Text
Dari pengertian di atas dapat diketahui bahwa descriptive text memiliki dua fungsi yaitu:
- Mendeskripsikan atau menggambarkan tentang sesuatu
- Memberikan penjelasan terhadap sesuatu secara detail.
Ciri-Ciri Descriptive Text
Kamu dapat mengenali descriptive text karena memiliki beberapa ciri-ciri berikut:
- Menggunakan simple present tense
- Fokus pada satu objek dan mendeskripsikannya secara spesifik.
Perbedaan descriptive text dengan recount text
Lalu apa bedanya dengan recount text? Recount text menceritakan kembali kisah yang terjadi di masa lampau, dengan penggunaan simple past tense. Sedangkan descriptive text menggambarkan suatu hal secara detail.
Struktur Descriptive Text
Struktur descriptive text dibagi menjadi 2 bagian, yaitu identification (identifikasi) dan description (deskripsi).
Identification
Identification adalah pengenalan atau penggambaran umum mengenai objek atau topik yang akan dibahas.
Contoh:
My best friend is Philip. He is my classmate.
Teman baik saya adalah Philip. Ia adalah teman kelas saya.
Description
Description merupakan bagian yang menjelaskan secara detail mengenai objek yang telah diperkenalkan di bagian identification. Penjelasan ini bisa berupa ciri khas, tampilan, jumlah, sifat, dan sebagainya.
Contoh:
Philip and I go to school together every day. We sit next to each other. Philip is very diligent. He is really good at Math. Sometimes he teaches me too. He also likes to play football. Every Wednesday and Friday, we practice football together. I am glad to have a friend like Philip.
Terjemahan bahasa Indonesia:
Philip dan saya pergi ke sekolah bersama-sama setiap harinya. Kami duduk bersebelahan. Philip sangat rajin. Ia sangat pandai Matematika. Kadang-kadang ia juga mengajari saya. Ia juga suka bermain sepak bola. Setiap Rabu dan Jumat, kami berlatih sepak bola bersama. Saya senang memiliki teman seperti Philip.
Unsur Descriptive Text
Descriptive text memiliki beberapa unsur yang menjadi cirinya, di antaranya:
- Noun (kata benda): Dalam descriptive text, kata benda yang digunakan merupakan kata benda yang spesifik. Misalnya my cat, Monumen Nasional, my sister, dan sebagainya.
- Adjective (kata sifat): Biasanya kata sifat (adjective) digunakan untuk memperjelas kata benda, seperti the red book, a beautiful flower, dan lain-lain.
- Simple present tense: menggunakan kata kerja bentuk pertama (verb 1) untuk mendeskripsikan objek. Contoh: My room has 1 bed, my sister is very pretty, dan lainnya.
- Figurative language: menggunakan bahasa figuratif seperti metafora untuk mengilustrasikan sesuatu, biasanya sifat objek. Contoh: Snow White’s hair is as black as ebony, skin as white as snow.
Contoh Descriptive Text
Agar kamu semakin mengerti, berikut adalah beberapa contoh descriptive text dalam beberapa contoh descriptive text dalam berbagai pembahasan.
Contoh Descriptive Text tentang Tempat
My bedroom is my favorite room. Its wall color is blue, which is my favorite color. It has one comfortable bed that faces the window. Every morning the sun shines through my window and wakes me up. On the corner of the room is my desk where I usually study and do my homework.
Beside that desk is a big wardrobe where I put all of my clothes. My father made the wardrobe for me as my birthday gift. On the left side of the desk, there is a bookshelf where I put all of my favorite books. On the desk, there is a table lamp, laptop, stationery, and notebook. Even though my bedroom is small and simple, I find it very cozy.
Terjemahan bahasa Indonesia:
Kamar tidur saya adalah kamar favorit saya. Warna temboknya biru, warna favorit saya. Kamar saya punya satu ranjang yang nyaman yang menghadap ke jendela. Setiap pagi, matahari bersinar melalui jendela dan membangunkan saya. Di sudut ruangan ada meja saya dimana saya biasanya belajar dan mengerjakan pekerjaan rumah.
Di samping meja itu adalah sebuah lemari pakaian besar tempat saya menaruh seluruh pakaian saya. Ayah saya membuatkan lemari pakaian tersebut untuk saya sebagai hadiah ulang tahun. Di sisi kiri meja, terdapat rak buku tempat saya meletakkan semua buku favorit saya. Sementara di atas meja, terdapat lampu meja, laptop, alat tulis, dan buku catatan. Walaupun kamar saya kecil dan sederhana, saya merasa kamar saya sangat nyaman.
Contoh Descriptive Text tentang Hewan Peliharaan
I have a kitten named Simba, he is a 4 months old domestic cat. We named him after The Lion King’s character because of his color. Simba is a little bit chubby but he likes to play and jump around everywhere. If he sees something interesting, like keyrings, or anything else that is hanging, he will jump and try to get it. Sometimes, if he is not in the mood to play, he will sit cutely somewhere. He also loves to snuggle with me and I love him for that.
Terjemahan bahasa Indonesia:
Saya memiliki anak kucing bernama Simba, dia adalah kucing domestik berumur 4 bulan. Kami menamainya dengan karakter The Lion King karena warnanya. Simba sedikit gemuk tapi dia suka bermain dan melompat-lompat kemana-mana. Jika dia melihat sesuatu yang menarik, seperti gantungan kunci, atau apa pun yang tergantung, dia akan melompat dan mencoba mengambilnya. Terkadang, jika dia sedang tidak ingin bermain, dia akan duduk manis di suatu tempat. Dia juga suka dekat-dekat denganku dan aku menyayanginya karena itu.
Contoh Descriptive Text tentang Bali
Bali is an Indonesian island located next to Java. You may be familiar with this island, as it is one of the most well-known tourist destinations in the world. Tourists visit this 5.780 square kilometer island because of its natural beauty and rich cultural heritage. Although Hindu is the main religion in Bali, other religions are respected. Pura Tanah Lot, Mount Batur, Uluwatu Temple, Nusa Penida, Ubud, and many other top-rated tourist sites can be found in Bali.
Terjemahan bahasa Indonesia:
Bali adalah sebuah pulau Indonesia yang terletak di sebelah Jawa. Anda mungkin tidak asing dengan pulau ini, karena merupakan salah satu tujuan wisata paling terkenal di dunia. Wisatawan mengunjungi pulau seluas 5,780 kilometer persegi ini karena keindahan alam dan warisan budayanya yang kaya. Meskipun Hindu adalah agama utama di Bali, agama-agama lain dihormati. Pura Tanah Lot, Gunung Batur, Pura Uluwatu, Nusa Penida, Ubud, dan masih banyak lagi lokasi wisata top lainnya yang bisa ditemukan di Bali.
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